This article is about the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal. West Bengal is known for the One-horned Rhinoceros, Elephants, and Bengal Tigers, and also spot deer, Barking Deer, Sambhar Deer, Bison, Wild Pig, Hog Deer, and Water Buffalo. The history of West Bengal is very diverse. The state contributes to a vast fauna, rich in flora and fauna.
The state of West Bengal has developed into one of the major ecotourism destinations in India for its biodiversity. Opposing deforestation and poaching, the Government of India has created a number of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and sanctuaries across the state to enrich forests and protect biodiversity.
These National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries have become a safe haven for various species of mammals, reptiles, birds, plants, vertebrates and amphibians.
Let’s take a look at which of these National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are in which district of West Bengal and what wildlife is found there.
List of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal
| National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary | Address | Animals |
|---|---|---|
| Sundarban National Park | North 24-Parganas District | Royal Bengal tiger, Salted water crocodile, Olive ridley, river terrapins, Gangetic dolphins, Turtles, Hawksbill turtles, Ground turtles |
| Jaldapara National Park | Alipurduar District | Monitor lizards, Pythons, cobras, Kraits, barking deer, Sambar deer, Hog deer, Spotted deer, Bisons, Wild boars |
| Gorumara National Park | Jalpaiguri District | Indian rhinoceros, Wild boars, Hog deer, Barking deer, Asian elephants, Gaur, Chital, Sloth beer |
| Neora Valley National Park | Kalimpong | Indian leopard, Civet, Black bear, Sloth bear, Wild boar, Leopard cat, Goral, Serow, Barking deer, Sambar, Royal Bengal tiger |
| Buxa Tiger Reserve | Alipurduar District | Asian elephant, Tiger, Gaur, Wild boar, Sambar, Leopard, Himalayan Goats |
| Singalila National Park | Darjeeling District | Leopard cat, Barking deer, Marten, Wild boar, Pangolin, Pika, Himalayan black bear, Leopard, Clouded leopard |
| Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary | South 24 Parganas District | Estuarine crocodiles, Olive ridley sea turtles, Spotted deer, Jungle cats, Rhesus macaques, |
| Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary | South 24 Parganas District. (Near Sajnekhali City ) | Heron, Waterfowl, Rhesus macaques, Spotted deer, Monitor lizard, Wild boar, Fishing cat, Crocodile |
| Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary | North 24 Parganas District. | Spotted deer, Wild boar, Bengal tigers |
| Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary | Bardhaman District near Golapbag City. | Parakeets, Cuckoos, Storks, Snakes, Mongooses, Owls, Spotted dove, Birds |
| Rasikbil Bird Sanctuary | Coochbehar District | Spoonbill, Kingfisher, Parrots, Owl, Common Teal, White-eyed, pochard, Red Crested, pochard, Shoveler, Pintail, Wigeon duck, |
| Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary | Darjeeling District | Barking deer, Wild pig, Himalayan black, bear, Leopard, Jungle cat, Common rhesus, monkey, Assam macaque, Himalayan flying, squirrel, |
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National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal
Sundarban National Park
Sundarbans National Park is a tiger reserve and biosphere reserve in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The Greater Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the coastal saline environment, with the largest forest in the world. The coastal boundary of the basin is located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra and extends across West Bengal to Bangladesh. The Sundarbans, which covers an area of 10,000 sq km, covers about 6,016 sq km in Bangladesh. Tides up to a height of 75 meters in the Bay of Bengal are always seen here. Conservation work on the present Indian part of the Sundarbans began in 1800 AD. In 1983, the main area was declared the Sundarbans Tiger Project. In 1986, the main area of 133,000 hectares of the 256,500 hectares Sundarbans Tiger Reserve has declared a wildlife sanctuary. Sundarban National Park was declared a national park on 4th May, 1984.
In 1986, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as a natural property. There are currently 3 more wildlife sanctuaries at Sajanekhali, Luthian Island and Holiday Island. Besides, there is Bharatpur Crocodile Project near Pathar Pratima and Bird Sanctuary at Sajanekhali. Sundarbans was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1989.
Naming
In Bengal, Sundarbans literally means beautiful jungle or beautiful forest land. The Sundarbans may have been named after the Sundari tree, which grows abundantly there. Other possible explanations may be that it is named after the “sea forest” or “moon-dam” (ancient aboriginal). However, it is generally believed that the Sundarbans got its name from the Sundari tree.
Animals
- Royal Bengal tiger (also known locally as ‘Big Fox’ or ‘Big Mia’)
- Salted water crocodile
- Olive ridley
- river terrapins
- Gangetic dolphins
- Turtles
- Hawksbill turtles
- Ground turtles
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Jaldapara National Park
Jaldapara National Park (formerly Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary) is a national park located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar district of West Bengal. Located on the banks of the river Torsa at an altitude of 61 m above sea level, the sanctuary has a total area of 141 sq km. Jaldapara is basically a vast grassland with riverine forests. The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of organic and vegetable nature. Of these, the endangered one-horned rhinoceros is particularly noteworthy. Jaldapara was declared a sanctuary in 1941 for the conservation of these animals and plants.
On May 10, 2012, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a “National Park”.
Animals and plants
- Monitor lizards
- Pythons, cobras
- Kraits, barking deer
- Sambar deer
- Hog deer
- Spotted deer
- Bisons
- Wild boars
Gorumara National Park
Gorumara National Park is a national park in Jalpaiguri district in the Indian state of West Bengal. This national park belongs to the Jaldapara-Chapramari-Gorumara range in the Dwars region of North Bengal. The area of this forest is about 1,300 sq km.
In 1986, it got the status of a national park. Gorumara has a total of five watch-towers. These are: Medla, Chapramari, Jatraprasad Rhino Point, Chukchuki and Khuniya Chandrachur Watch-Tower. The town of Lataguri is the gateway to this national park. The Naora River flows past the town of Lataguri along the National Park. This river is surrounded by Naora tea gardens.
Animals
- Indian rhinoceros
- Wild boars
- Hog deer
- Barking deer
- Asian elephants
- Gaur
- Chital
- Sloth beer
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Neora Valley National Park
Neora Valley National Park is a national park located in the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, India. This national park was officially declared in April 1986.
Khayer, Shishu, Shirish etc. trees can be seen in this national park.
Animals
- Indian leopard
- Civet
- Black bear
- Sloth bear
- Wild boar
- Leopard cat
- Red Panda
- Goral
- Serow
- Barking deer
- Sambar
- Royal Bengal tiger
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Buxa Tiger Reserve
Buxa National Park is a national park in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the Buxa Hills area to the north of West Bengal. The area of the national park is about 760 square kilometers. The national park includes a tiger reserve. Tigers, civets and red jungle fouls can be seen in this national park.
Animals
- Asian elephant
- Tiger
- Gaur
- Wild boar
- Sambar
- Leopard
- Himalayan Goats
Singalila National Park
Singalila National Park is a national park located in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. It is located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, on the border of Nepal, West Bengal and Sikkim.
Animals
- Leopard cat
- Barking deer
- Marten
- Wild boar
- Pangolin
- Pika
- Himalayan black bear
- Leopard
- Clouded leopard
Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The island is located at the mouth of the Saptamukhi river near the Bay of Bengal. The forest was first declared a sanctuary in 1948 and was re-declared in 1986. This sanctuary is part of the Sundarbans delta.
Animals
- Estuarine crocodiles
- Olive ridley sea turtles
- Spotted deer
- Jungle cats
- Rhesus macaques
Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary
Sajanekhali Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the northern part of the Sundarbans delta in the South 24 Parganas District of West Bengal. Sajanekhali Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the confluence of Matla and Gumdi rivers. The area is affected by mangrove shrubs, forests and wetlands. It was established in 1976 as a sanctuary.
Animals
- Heron
- Waterfowl
- Rhesus macaques
- Spotted deer
- Monitor lizard
- Wild boar
- Fishing cat
- Crocodile
Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary
The Holiday Island Wildlife is a wildlife sanctuary located in the North 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The area is approximately six square kilometres in size. It is a part of the ‘Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve’, with the Sundarbans region as a whole becoming a ‘Biosphere Reserve’ officially in 1989. The wildlife-heavy areas there are regarded as environmentally-minded tourist destinations.
Animals
- Spotted deer
- Wild boar
- Bengal tigers
Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary
Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Burdwan district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The total area of this sanctuary is 14 hectares. It was recognized as a sanctuary in September 1971.
Animals
- Parakeets
- Cuckoos
- Storks
- Snakes
- Mongooses
- Owls
- Spotted dove
- Birds
Rasikbil Bird Sanctuary
Rasikbil Bird Sanctuary is a small lake in Coochbehar district in West Bengal, India. The nearest town is Kamakhyaguri. This lake attracts a variety of birds. Birds usually nest in the trees around the lake.
Bird
- Spoonbill
- Kingfisher
- Parrots
- Owl
- Common Teal
- White-eyed
- pochard
- Red Crested
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